2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C， and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points）
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism， many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government， careers 4 to talent， freedom of commerce and trade， the 5 to private property， and a belief in the individual as the basis of society， 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states， large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church， 9 ， there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown， 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states， some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian， valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.
1. [A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals
2. [A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully
3. [A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected
4. [A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted
5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return
6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally
7. [A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical
8. [A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform
9. [A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover
10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by
11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded
12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While
13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against
14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence
15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish
16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised
17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original
18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher
19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred
20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks， you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon？ Here are a few guesses： a） certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b） winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c） soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d） none of the above.
Anders Ericsson， a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University， says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden， and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago， involved memory： training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving， and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined， led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words， whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully， Ericsson determined， was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather， it involves setting specific goals， obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits， including soccer. They gather all the data they can， not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion： the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or， put another way， expert performers whether in memory or surgery， ballet or computer programming are nearly always made， not born.
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word “mania” （Line 4， Paragraph 2） most probably means
[A] fun.
[B] craze.
[C] hysteria.
[D] excitement.
23. According to Ericsson good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？
[A] “Faith will move mountains.”
[B] “One reaps what one sows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”
[D] “Like father， like son”
Text 2
For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old； that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies， to envision paper after it has been folded and cut， and to deduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （Whose IQ is 100） as， What's the difference between love and fondness？ Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version）。 Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible， because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life， argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters， whether it‘s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that
[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.
[D] traditional tests are out of date.
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests？
[A] Supportive.
[B] Skeptical.
[C] Impartial.
[D] Biased.
Text 3
During the past generation， the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip， a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation， millions of mothers have gone to work， transforming basic family economics. Scholars， policymakers， and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes， but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback- a back-up earner （usually Mom） who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today， a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period， families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers， airline employees， and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates， stock market fluctuation， and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families， the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers， with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family， as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective， much of this， understandably， looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility， and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun， and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform， retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
33. According go the author， health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text？
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert
[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles， and improved their feeble corporation governance， a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite： data insecurity. Left， until now， to odd， low-level IT staff to put right， and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking， telecoms and air travel， information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner， the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California. Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asset.” says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's business school “The ability guard customer data is the key to market value， which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders” Indeed， just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles （GAAP）。 perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices， suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security， redundancy， and recovery is a management issue， not a technical one.” he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest exccutive that trust， that most valuable of economic assets， is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty （in America， but not Europe） for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law. American firms did not have to tell anyone， even the victim， when data went astray， I hat may change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now doing the rounds in Washington. D.C. Meanwhile. the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America， disclosed on June 17th. overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission （FTC） that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
36. The statement： “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
37. According to Paragraph 2， some organizations check their systems to find out
[A] whether there is any weak point.
[B] what sort of data has been stolen.
[C] who is responsible for the leakage.
[D] how the potential spies can be located.
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders interests should be properly attended to.
[B] information protection should be given due attention.
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39. According to Paragraph 4， what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection.
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.
40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.
[B] FTC's decision is essential to data security.
[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.
[D] legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage.
Part B
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A——G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41——45）。 The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids
B. Build Your Kid's Work Skills
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
G. Build Your Kids Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help？
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content， the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures， drawn from my book Ready or Not， Here Life Comes， that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unread ness”。
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn； parents should e responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.
Paying video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood？ Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult （as na？ve or ill conceived as it may seem） while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must fell that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. （46） Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47） On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.
（48） But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. （49） In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50） While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions：
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. （10 points）
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1） describe the drawing briefly,
2） explain its intended meaning, and then
3） support your view with an example/ examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
答案解析
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
1.[答案][B][分析]词义辨析题，A.natives本地人；B.inhabitant居民；C.peoples民族；D.individuals个体。本文首句指出：到了1830年，原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了独立国家。本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。这里的这里没有限定范围是“本地人”，也没有提及不同的民族，更没有强调个体差异，因此排除其他选项。
2.[答案][D][分析]词汇辨析题。A.confusedly困惑地；B.cheerfully高兴的；C.worried担心的；D.hopefully充满期待地从首句已知这些国家的居民摆脱了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统治，虽然文中没有提到独立的过程，但是历史告诉我们，殖民地人们要求独立的愿望是一直存在的，是迫切的，由此可以判断，成立独立国家是殖民地人们的愿望，因此居民们对未来充满了期待，故选择hopefully合适。
3.[答案][A][分析]逻辑关系题。A.shared共有；B.forgot忘记；C.attained获得；D.rejected拒绝。本题所在的句子介绍了这些新独立国家的领导人们的治国理念。首先提到了许多领导人们在治国理念中达成共识的部分，这由本句和下一句的内容及第二段首句中的less agreement得到印证，先指出领导人之间理念上的相同之处，再指出他们之间存在的分歧，shared the ideas符合上下文逻辑关系，故为答案。
4.[答案][C][分析]语义辨析题。A.related相关的；B.close接近的；C.open开着的；D.devoted投入的。本句提到的新国家领导人共同的治国理念包括议会制政府等。由这里的representative government，freedom of commerce and trade可以看出，这些都是先进的民主的治国方略，故此处的careers应为“向人才开放的职业”，这样才能让人们人尽其才，发挥自己的作用。其他三项都可以与介词to搭配使用，但放在此外，不符合上下文语义衔接关系。
5.[答案][C][分析]语义辨析题。A.accessto接近；B.successionto继承；C.rightto的权利；D.returnto返回。从前面的“议会制政府”，“向人才开放的职业”，“商业和贸易自由”可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展，充分调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私有财产的所有权”，故此处选择right.6.[答案][D][分析]词汇辨析题。A.Presumably大概的；B.Incidentally偶然的；C.Obviously显然的；D.Generally普遍的。因为这里没有表示与前一句内容相反或转折的信号词，可以判断本句承接上一句内容而来，继续介绍新的独立国家领导人都认同的理念。这里generally表示出后面内容是大家普遍的观点，符合这里的语义衔接关系，故为答案。
7.[答案][B][分析]词汇辨析题。A.unique唯一的；B.common普通的；C.particular特殊的；D.typical典型的本句意为：他们普遍认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家，足够大，能够在经济上切实可行，由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。句中提到integrate，既然是“联合”，各国应该遵循一套共同的法律，故common符合文意。
8.[答案][A][分析]语义辨析题。A.freedom自由；B.origin起源；C.impact影响；D.reform改革……本句涉及到领导人对待宗教的态度。从后面的内容可以看出领导人对尊哪种宗教信仰一种宗教，而禁止人们信仰其他宗教产生分歧，因此可以看出这里谈论的是宗教自由和教会地位的问题，这里的freedom of religion和the position of the church为并列关系。
9.[答案][B][分析]逻辑关系题。A.therefore因此；B.however然而；C.indeed的确；D.moreover而且。第一段最后两句介绍了新成立的独立国家领导人之间在治国理念方面的共识，这里提到的是他们之间存在的分歧，显然两部分之间为转折关系，故使用however.本题误选在于没有正确判断本句和前文之间的逻辑关系。
10.[答案][C][分析]词汇辨析题。A.with和…；B.about有关；C.among在…之中；D.by通过。本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有默契了，among表示“在……之间”，这里among the leadersship表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语时，都不表示范围。11.[答案][C][分析]词汇辨析题。A.allowed准许；B.preached宣扬；C.granted承认；D.funded资助本句对首句内容进行解释说明，指出罗马天主教过去在西班牙的地位：是西班牙国教，是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的。由句中的only可判断，西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。各个选项中只有grant有“承认”之意，故为答案。
12.[答案][D][分析]逻辑关系题。A.since因为；B.if如果；C.unless除非；D.while而。分析本句句意可以看出，前后两部分谈论的是领导人的两种不同观点：多数人致力于人保留天主教为新国家的官方宗教，一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。显然前后两部分之间存在对比关系，故使用While表示对比。本句前后两部分之间无假设关系和因果关系，因此排除其他选项。
13.[答案][A][分析]固定搭配题。A.as作为；B.for为了；C.under在……之下；D.against反对。前一句提到罗马天主教为西班牙国教，本句承接前一句，指出大多数领导人希望保留天主教为官方宗教信仰，显然这里as the official religion of the newstates是方式状语，与maintain搭配使用，符合语意关系。
14.[答案][C][分析]词汇辨析题。A.spread传播；B.interference干涉；C.exclusion排除；D.promised承诺。本句提到一些领导人与众不同的观点：结束不允许有其他宗教信仰的状况。可见，两拨人的观点截然不同，exclusion用在此处符合语境。这里使用spread，interference和influence与前面内容均不构成转折关系。
15.[答案][B][分析]固定搭配题。A.support支持；B.cry哭喊；C.plea恳请；D.wish希望。本句与前一句内容有隐含的因果关系，这是由于一些领导人主张允许信仰其他宗教，因此保卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。这里rallyingcry为固定搭配。
16.[答案][D][分析]固定搭配题。本句是对该段首句主题句的解释。从句中的inreturn可以看出，海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的，其条件就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。这里promisetodosth.意为“答应做某事”。
17.[答案][B][分析]语义辨析题。A.controlling正在统治的；B.former原来的；C.remaining遗留的；D.original原始的。本句提到到1854年为止，其他地区都废除了了奴隶制，只剩余西班牙的某些殖民地。如果选择remaining，则这里意为“西班牙残存的殖民地”，显然与文章第一段提到的“到1830年，原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地都变成了独立的国家”相矛盾，因为这些国家之前都已独立，因此应选[B]，指西班牙的前殖民地国家。
18.[答案][A][分析]语义辨析题。A.slower较慢；B.faster较快；C.easier较容易；D.tougher较难。上文提到玻利瓦尔承诺废除奴隶制，到1854年除了前西班牙殖民地外，其他地区都已废除奴隶制，本题所在句子指出了与此相反的情况：由于新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的收入，因此，停止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现得颇为···。根据上下文可知，此处是说这个承诺实现得缓慢，不像废除奴隶制那样快，因此，答案为[A]。
19.[答案][B][分析]词汇辩析题。A.created创建；B.produced产生，生产；C.contributed有助于；D.prefered更喜欢。本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收收入”，这些税收收入是这些policies带来的，这里使用produce意思相近，但后者有“产生，带来”之意，前者并无此意，排除。
20.[答案][D][分析]词汇辨析题。A.puzzledby困惑；B.hostileto敌对；C.pessimisticto悲观；D.unpreparedto未准备好。本段前文一直在提人人平等，最后一句指出一种担心情绪：大众未对自治和民主做好准备。由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治，因此人们还没有充分了解和熟悉自治和民主，这里使用unpreparedfor符合语境。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Part A
Text 1
21.[答案][C][分析]结构题。首段提到一个怪现象：出色的足球运动员更可能出生在一年内的前几个月而不是后几个月。在提出该现象之后，作者在该段未对其做进一步解释说明。这是典型的英文文章开篇模式，通过引用或举例的方式引出文章主题，显然作者介绍这一现象是为了引出下面的主题，因此因该在后的内容中寻找答案。通过浏览后面的内容可知，Ericsson和他的同事们致力于研究不同领域的技艺精湛的从业者取得成就的原因，作者在全文末段给出答案。因此可以判断提到的怪现象是用来引出主题，故[C]为答案。
22.[答案][B][分析]识词题。第二段介绍了对首段提到的怪现象的四种推断性的解释，其中第三个解释中首先出现了soccer-madparents一词，既然是对足球疯狂的父母，那么他们选择在出现足球狂热的季节孕育孩子也不足为奇了，此处的soccermania与soccermad意思一致，考生可通过词汇复现这一线索解题。
23.[答案][A][分析]细节题。在第三段Ericsson给出一个有关记忆的例子，然后在第四段对该题研究进行了说明。第二句明确指出好的记忆力是不天生的，而是由个人解码信息能力的强弱决定的，这与[A]意思一致，故该项为答案。
24.[答案][D][分析]细节题。末段最后一句对Ericsson及其同事的研究结论进行了总结：那些技艺精湛的从业者，无论记忆路超群者，还是专家级外科医生，无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员还是出色的计算机程序员，他们几乎都是后天练就的，而非天生的。[D]正是对该部分内容的归纳概括，故为答案。
25.[答案][C][分析]主旨题。本题是一个典型的中心思想题，与以往考查形式不同的是，这里需要用一个常见成语对全文主旨进行归纳。开篇由优秀的足球运动员出生月份这个话题引出Ericsson对成功是基于天生还是后天这个问题的研究。第三段用一个记忆数字的例子说明练习的重要性。全文末段的出研究结论：那些取得巨大成就的人都是后天练就的，并非天生的。由此可以看出本文的主旨是成就是靠后天的勤奋，即不断的训练和练习取得的，[C]意为“熟能生巧”，与作者传递的信息一致，故为答案。
Text 2
26.[答案][D][分析]细节题。该题目提问智力测试的内容，定位在文章首段，首句。智商测试让你完成语言和视觉类推。因此，D对verbal和visualanalogies进行了解释，故为正确答案。
27.[答案][C][分析]推断题。该题目要推断第三段含义。找到主题句，第二句IQ测试的两种形式：一是斯坦福-比奈智力量化表，二是温切斯特智力量化表。因此，两个版本内容不同。故选C.
28.[答案][A][分析]细节题。文章第三段，倒数第二句：象vosSavant那样的超高分数不可能再出现，因为现在的记分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础上。而不仅仅是用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100.可见，积分方式的变化是不会出现高分的原因。故选A.
29.[答案][A][分析]推断题。文章尾段第三句提到：一旦人口或情况发生变化，智商测试就可能不准确。随后论证：当智商测试在压力小的环境中，能预测领导能力。在压力大的环境中，智商与领导力负相关，即，预测的内容正好相反。故选A.
30.[答案][B][分析]主旨题。文章尾段暗示了作者的观点。该段第三句作者认为传统的测试对人的某方面能力没有考察到，同时认为测试结果依赖于环境。因此B怀疑态度。
Text 3
31.[答案][C][分析]推断题。第二段提到，家庭夫妻的双薪的副作用，家庭风险提高了。随后，作出解释，以前家庭主要经济支柱失业了或生病了，在家的另一方可以进入劳动力市场。但是现在，在这种情况下，家庭财富的中断不能得到弥补。因此，家庭易受经济变化影响。故选C.
32.[答案][B][分析]细节题。第三段提到布什总统的计划：布什总统致力于将社会保障转换成储备帐户模式，让退休人员将有保障的退休金变成依赖于投资回报率的退休金。这里B是对部分内容的概括。
33.[答案][D][分析]细节题。第三段提到医疗储备计划，减免的部分增加了，会出现一些新的大的家庭未来的医疗投资风险，故选D.
34.[答案][C][分析]推断题。在末段发表观点：经济上的不良后果开始出现，政治负面影响可能也不远了。由此可推断，作者认为经济问题解决不好必将导致政治问题。故选C.
35.[答案][B][分析]主旨题。本题是标题型主旨大意题。作者在第二和第三段阐述了中产阶级家庭的经济风险，退休金风险和医疗保障风险增大。风险让这些家庭更加疲惫。文中多次出现risk一词，表明这些风险对中产阶级是雪上加霜。这与B中的onthecliff（在悬崖边上）语义相同。
Text 4
36.[答案][D][分析]结构题。文中第一段的例子对应的论点是第二段的内容。这里的倾盆大雨是指美国公司遇到的新的麻烦：数据安全问题。故D正确。
37.[答案][A][分析]细节题。文章第二段尾句：企业老板们面对数据泄露问题采取的措施是：经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程，以搜索可能存在的安全缺陷。因此A正确。
38.[答案][B][分析]推断题。文章第三段提出EliNoam的观点：为数据安全、备份、恢复设立适当的投资标准是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。因此，他认为公司老板不重视数据的管理。综上所述，B为正确答案。
39.[答案][A][分析]推断题。文章第四段第二句为主题句。信任是最有价值的经济资产，它很容易被毁掉，而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有用心的人手里更能毁掉信任的了。因此，A为正确答案。
40.[答案][D][分析]推断题。文章尾段首句为主题句，现在这种状况，虽然不合理，可能会由于缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧。由此可以推断，法律制裁对于数据泄露的必要性。故选D.
Part B
41.[答案][F]。[分析]第二段全段没有转折词，末句出现了Also，可见该段前后内容一致，为递进关系。末句中出现代词they和them，指代首段提到的孩子，他有什么兴趣，最适合什么，因该是帮助孩子了解他们自身的优缺点，改正缺点。只有了解了自己是什么人，才知道自己适合什么。我们通过对该段中代词的把握以及对最后一个句子中提到的兴趣种类就可以判断41题选[F]。
42.[答案][D]。[分析]42题考生很容易错选成[A]，这是因为首句提到rolemodel，这与[A]中的goodexample一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握，不是只关注部分细节内容。首句提到榜样之后，后面都没有谈到这一内容。显然该段主旨并榜样问题。后面内容中反复出现的一个关键是future，指出家长和孩子们要定期讨论对未来的设想，显然[D]为答案。
43.[答案][B]。[分析]本题所在段首句为主题句，指出父母应该教给孩子怎样工作。后面具体解释如何教会孩子们工作：给孩子分配家务，鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职等。通过这些方式让孩子学会工作的技能。[B]是对主题句的同义转述，是对后细节内容的高度概括，故为答案。
44.[答案][C]。[分析]本段未出现明显的主题句，但全段都是在谈论一些娱乐性的业余生活的危害，作者提到玩电子游戏、长时间的看电视剧、长时间的用耳机听音乐等活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，影响持续的注意力发展。结合首段内容可知，这里作者是向家长提建议，指出如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做好准备。虽然本段没有明确指出应该采取何种措施，由这里提到的危害可限制，这样才不会影响他某些方面能力的发展，故[C]为答案。
45.[答案][E]。[分析]本段提到孩子们需要某种节能，处理各种状况。第一、二句中出现dealwith，solve，resolve等词，表示孩子们需要应对、解决某些问题。由此可以推断，作者在本段中提到的是处理和应对各种情况的技能，这与[E]中的coping strategies不谋而合，故该项为答案。
Part C
46.传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人必备的的知识才能。
47.另一方面，如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样，法律把公正、民主和自由这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
48.但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
49.事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
50.尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度，但记者最好还是依靠自己的理解，并做出自己的判断。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
To whom it may concern，As a senior student of the university，I am writing the letter to make some suggestions for improving the service of our university library.
On the whole，I think our library functions pretty well，but its service is far from being perfect.Firstly，it is quite convenient to arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall，which enables the students to ask questions whenever necessary.Then，with the help of a professional librarian，students can go through the procedures more efficiently.In addition，it would be most helpful if the students have access to the latest Issues of foreign magazines.Lastly，you'd better maintain strict order at the reading room.I frequently found myself Disturbed by certain students chatting and smoking there.
It is my sincere hope that you will take my advice into consideration and I hold that it will benefit both the students and the university faculty as well.
Sincerely yours，Li Ming
Part B
How impressive the cartoon is in describing one of the most critical characteristic personalities concerning confidence！This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other.One player is going to kick the ball while the goalkeeper is standing in front of a goal，ready to protect it.But both parties are losing their confidence.The striker magnifies the goalkeeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim.Likewise，the goalkeeper minimizes his own image as if he couldn't defend the goal successfully.Obviously，both of the players in the picture don't have enough confidence and if you have little confidence，how can you achieve your goal in life？
The purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self-confidence in our daily life.Confidence is very important in building a career.The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure.On account of the fast pace of life，competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life，imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals.The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment.Thus we must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people.Take Liuxiang as an example.It is because of his Self-confidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again.On the contrary，some athletes do well in everyday training，but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of self-confidence.As the saying goes，confidence is the first step to success！Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.s，confidence is the first step to success！Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.is the first step to success！Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.s，confidence is the first step to success！Only by building strong self-confidence can we move closer to our dreams.
